HIStory, Our Future: 14,000 Days

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It is important to understand the 14,000 days concept from scripture and historical data. It’s also important to see how it connects to the rest of Israel’s judgments because Israel is God’s prophetic time-piece. The studies listed above are in order of where they occurred in history and the link above them is the overview of the study. I encourage you to go through it. It will take diligence and study on your part, but it’s God’s Word, so we need to understand it. He has given us what we need to know. Just ask for the Holy Spirit’s guidance and check all things against the Word of God, that is our foundation in all things.

There are three time periods that stand out as exactly 14,000 days between significant dates. The first two are Biblically based, the first is completely from the detail of scripture, the second is the discernment of the fulfillment of prophecy spoken by Christ at the end of the first 69 weeks, and the third gives a timeframe that is marked by two important events, as with the first two, tied to Israel. At one point in time I had assumed that the final 14,000 day period’s end marked the beginning of the 70th week of Daniel. This turned out to be a false assumption on my part, but although the purpose of this repeating timeframe didn’t pan out to be what I thought it was, the fact that it is there in history remains. These three times are covered in this study.

I would like to point out that this 14,000 days information did not originate from me. The original page I found this information was by Charlie at Wonderful1. He removed the study, but not before I had backed it up here in its original form. He also gives credit, as do I, to John Zachary who came up with this conclusion on 14,000 day periods other than the one in the Holy Bible. He found these two patterns in 1986. His calculation from Jesus until the destruction of Jerusalem aided Charlie significantly. However, he was lacking the connection to the Old Testament. You can read Mr. Zachary’s analysis here. My gratitude to them both for their diligent searching of God’s Word and watching the times and seasons as well as sharing the information they found with others. I also have a study I put together showing the strange mirror effect seen in many of these prophetic times. I call it Mirrors in Prophetic Timelines.

Before examining this Bible study, it is important to understand the differences in the orbit of the Earth at the time of Moses from today. I refer you to Guy Cramer’s research on 360 vs. 365 days and also Isaiah’s Sundial & Joshua’s Long Day. These studies show the Biblical reasons for a post-flood 360-day year calendar up until Isaiah 38:8 and 2 Kings 20:1-11, well after the Exodus and wilderness wandering.

| Wilderness Wanderings | End of 69 Weeks of Daniel | Six-Day-War to Rosh Hashanah |

From Mt. Sinai to Entering the Promised Land - 14,000 Days

Moses led the children of Israel to the Promised Land from Mt. Sinai and when they arrived, 12 spies were sent into Canaan to view the Promised Land. Numbers 13:1-21 Israel murmured against Moses and Aaron, wishing to go back to Egypt. They had no faith in their God to provide for their needs and deliver them as He had promised. Two of the 12 sent to spy came back with a good report, Joshua and Caleb.

Deuteronomy 2:14,15
And the space in which we came from Kadeshbarnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, was thirty and eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were wasted out from among the host, as the LORD sware unto them. For indeed the hand of the LORD was against them, to destroy them from among the host, until they were consumed.

Keep in mind with the following that each of the scriptures used refer to the beginning of the journey that started on Passover on the 15th of Nisan so in order to find the time from when they left Mt. Sinai to crossing Jordan into the Promised Land some of the times have to be subtracted:

• Numbers 33:3 says that the Israelites left Egypt on the 15th day of the 1st month (Nisan) - DAY 15
• Numbers 10:11 says that they left Sinai on the 20th day of the 2nd month of the 2nd year - Calendar Year = 360 days, add 30+20 = 360+50 = 410 (minus Numbers 33:3 15 days = 395) - DAY 395
• Joshua 4:19 says the children of Israel entered the Promised Land on the 10th day of the 1st month Deuteronomy 1:3 says it is the 41st year.  Calendar Year 360x40 = 14400+10 = 14410 (minus Numbers 33:3 15 days = 14395) - DAY 14,395
  

Subtract 395 (Numbers 10:11 date) from 14,395 (Entering the Promised Land) and you have 14,000 days of wandering in wilderness after receiving the Law and departing the area of Sinai until, on that day, they entered the Promised Land.

Numbers 33:1-4 [Left Egypt after Passover Month 1 Day 15]
These are the journeys of the children of Israel, which went forth out of the land of Egypt with their armies under the hand of Moses and Aaron. And Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys by the commandment of the LORD: and these are their journeys according to their goings out. And they departed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month; on the morrow after the passover the children of Israel went out with an high hand in the sight of all the Egyptians. For the Egyptians buried all their firstborn, which the LORD had smitten among them: upon their gods also the LORD executed judgments.

Numbers 10:11 [Left Mt. Sinai following the cloud Year 2 | Month 2 | Day 20 from Egypt - Numbers 33:3]
And it came to pass on the twentieth day of the second month, in the second year, that the cloud was taken up from off the tabernacle of the testimony.

Deuteronomy 1:1-3 [Gives the year from Egypt before crossing Jordan River Year 40 | Month 11 | Day 1]
These be the words which Moses spake unto all Israel on this side Jordan in the wilderness, in the plain over against the Red sea, between Paran, and Tophel, and Laban, and Hazeroth, and Dizahab. (There are eleven days’ journey from Horeb by the way of mount Seir unto Kadeshbarnea.) And it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spake unto the children of Israel, according unto all that the LORD had given him in commandment unto them;

Joshua 4:18,19 [Crossed Jordan River Month 1 | Day 10]
And it came to pass, when the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD were come up out of the midst of Jordan, and the soles of the priests’ feet were lifted up unto the dry land, that the waters of Jordan returned unto their place, and flowed over all his banks, as they did before. And the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, in the east border of Jericho.

Deuteronomy 2:14,15
And the space in which we came from Kadeshbarnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, was thirty and eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were wasted out from among the host, as the LORD sware unto them. For indeed the hand of the LORD was against them, to destroy them from among the host, until they were consumed.

Another way to look at it: : (360 day years | 30 day months)
41 years | 1 month | 10 days ~ Deuteronomy 1:3 | Joshua 4:19 - Israel entered the promised land this long after leaving Egypt.
- 2 years | 2 month | 20 days ~ Numbers 10:11 - Israel left Mt. Sinai this long after leaving Egypt.
38 years | 10 month | 20 days

38 x 360  = 13,680
10 x 30      = 300
                     + 20
                     = 14,000 days ~ The time from leaving Mt. Sinai to the promised land = 1 generation.

Biblical Generation

This 14,000 days of wilderness wanderings was only applicable to those 20 years and older at the onset of this time.

Numbers 14:26-33
And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, How long shall I bear with this evil congregation, which murmur against me? I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel, which they murmur against me. Say unto them, As truly as I live, saith the LORD, as ye have spoken in mine ears, so will I do to you: Your carcases shall fall in this wilderness; and all that were numbered of you, according to your whole number, from twenty years old and upward which have murmured against me. Doubtless ye shall not come into the land, concerning which I sware to make you dwell therein, save Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun. But your little ones, which ye said should be a prey, them will I bring in, and they shall know the land which ye have despised. But as for you, your carcases, they shall fall in this wilderness. And your children shall wander in the wilderness forty years, and bear your whoredoms, until your carcases be wasted in the wilderness.

Numbers 32:10-15
And the LORD’S anger was kindled the same time, and he sware, saying, Surely none of the men that came up out of Egypt, from twenty years old and upward, shall see the land which I sware unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob; because they have not wholly followed me: Save Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenezite, and Joshua the son of Nun: for they have wholly followed the LORD. And the LORD’S anger was kindled against Israel, and he made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation, that had done evil in the sight of the LORD, was consumed. And, behold, ye are risen up in your fathers’ stead, an increase of sinful men, to augment yet the fierce anger of the LORD toward Israel. For if ye turn away from after him, he will yet again leave them in the wilderness; and ye shall destroy all this people.

This was just for those 20 years and older. That would mean that the life expectancy was about 20 + 38.8 years, or almost 60 years old. Everyone under 20 years old was eligible to enter the Promised Land. What this meant is that after 38.8 years wandering the wilderness, those 20 and over would be aged 60 and over. They all died in the wilderness. Therefore, a living generation at the time would be about 60 years old and the “power” generation (those in control of Israel) is about 40 years, 38.8 to be exact. So a generation’s life span would be about 60 years while a generation is 38.8 years.

Matthew 24:32-34
Now learn a parable of the fig tree; When his branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is nigh: So likewise ye, when ye shall see all these things, know that it is near, even at the doors. Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass, till all these things be fulfilled.

We’re told that the generation that sees the fig tree put forth it’s leaves, symbolic for Israel becoming a nation again, wouldn’t pass before seeing the end-times described by Christ unfold. As of 2008 the average lifespan in Israel was 81 years. (The world average is 69) But in respect to this look at the 14,000 days we see the following:

Living generation - “This generation shall not pass” [die] Matthew 24:32-34 (“This generation” being the one that sees the fig branch put forth it’s leaves. Israel is symbolized in the Bible as a fig tree. Hosea 9:10, Joel 1:7)

• Israel became a nation on May 14, 1948, , when the fig branch put forth its leaves. (1948 + 60 = 2008) Accounting for a modern lifespan, May 14, 1948 + ~80 years = 2028

Power generation - Those in control of the nation (the adults > 20 years old)

• Israel took back Jerusalem and the Temple Mount on June 7, 1967. . (1967 + 38.8 = October 5, 2005 -  Yom Teruah 2005)

The Ancient Calendar

A very valid question that drives at the very core of this Bible study was recently brought up concerning the origin of the 14,000 day period of time. The next two instances of the same time period, bordered by significant prophetic events in history, gain their credibility from the completely Biblical origins of the 14,000 days marking the wilderness wanderings. However, the dates used in the calculation of days for the next two periods was from the Julian calendar. What calendar did Moses use? If it was different, what does that mean for the validity of this whole study?

Sometimes, it’s just a matter of digging. The following is from Guy Cramer’s research. The first paper is titled 360 vs. 365 and explains Biblically another tiny nugget in the Bible which explains amazingly the difference and how in Moses day, when Israel was wandering the wilderness, the year was 360 days long containing 12 30-day months. The key is in understanding the length of day marked by the spin of the earth is different than how long it takes for the earth to revolve around the sun one time. The faster the speed of earth’s forward motion, the less days in a year. (360) Likewise the slower orbit the more days, one spin of the earth on its axis, in one year, one rotation of the earth around the sun. Now combine that understanding with Isaiah’s Sundial & Joshua’s Long Day.

Now the first 14,000 days is calculated in the days of Moses on a 360 day calendar. At that time, there were 12 months with 30 days and so in 360 days, the earth traveled one revolution around the sun. Currently, to reach one full orbit, there are more rotations of the earth to reach one full orbit around the sun, the earth is moving slower through space. Since the common denominator is the rotation of the earth on it’s axis one time to determine a day, adding 14,000 of those rotations in our current Julian calendar doesn’t change because a day is a day, no matter what calendar you count them in. You will see how this comes into play with Bible prophecy next.

From the Triumphal Entry to the Destruction of Jerusalem - 14,000 Days

I have recently done my own study on the passion week and when it took place in history. While Josephus statement in War 6.4.5 249-253 would point out a 10 Av date that correlates with August 5, 70 AD, I no longer hold to an April 6, 32 AD triumphal entry, which makes this section invalid in my view.

Firstly, April 6, 32 AD was a Sunday, but it was 6 Abib/Nisan, not 10 Abib/Nisan. That is a full 8 days before 14 Abib/Nisan, which fell on a Monday. According to scripture, the resurrection was before dawn on Sunday, the first day after the Sabbath. Matthew 28:1, Mark 16:1-2, Luke 24:1-3, John 20:1-2 It is inconsistent with this timing in 32 AD. In addition, on this year the full moon was on Monday, April 14 at 12:01 PM. Being a lunar calendar, this would have fallent on 15 Abib/Nisan and the triumphal entry would have fallen on April 10/11, 32 AD. See chart here

14,000 days from 4/1/30 would be 7/30/68, which does not have any significance I’m aware of. The only general timeframe of that year I found was a reference here. While this ultimately sealed the fate of Jerusalem 2 years later having no moderate voices to attempt peace, this doesn’t seem fully relevant as the previous date did, it just doesn’t fit with my understanding of the timing of the crucifixion.

“The perspective of the Jewish leaders in Jerusalem, mainly Sadducee Jerusalemites, had shifted dramatically from elation to panic. They knew that the revolt would not be a success for long, and they implored the Zealots to surrender peacefully in order to save as many Jewish lives as possible. The Zealots refused.

“They anticipated the insurrection that would have doubtless come if the more moderate Jewish leaders were listened to by the common person. As a result, the Zealots and the fanatical Sicarii publicly executed them and hung their dead bodies so that everyone could see the repercussions of preaching insurgent messages of peace. The moderate leaders in Jerusalem at the start of the revolution in 66 CE had all been killed by 68 CE, and not one by the hands of the Roman aggressors.”

In addition there are some assumptions below that should be addressed. First, the 3 1/2 year ministry is an assumption. There are three Passovers mentioned in the Gospels.

1. John 2:13 - This was just after Yeshua's first miracle turning water to wine at the wedding and just after He began His ministry
2. John 6:4 - This was just after feeding the 5,000
3. John 11:55; 12:1; 13:1; 18:28, 39; 19:14 - This was the last Passover, 14 Abib/Nisan and that day He would be crucified

That is technically only 2 Passovers before His ministry ended. There are beliefs that Yeshua couldn't possibly have done everything He did in that time, but this is a personal assertion.

There is also some nuace to when Tiberias gained his authority and how that might be viewed differently from a Jewish perspective in this interesting article that focuses on Luke's Historiography.

“In sum, the significance of the 15th year of Tiberius given in Luke 3:1 is its specific connection to the start of the ministry of John the Baptist. We know that Christ was baptized prior to the Passover recorded in John 2:13, and a baptism during winter or early spring is less likely due to chilly weather. Moreover, time was needed prior to His first Passover to deal with the 40-day fast and other things. Therefore, we conclude that Jesus was most likely baptized in the early fall of AD 27. This synchronizes perfectly with the AD 30 Crucifixion our previous studies showed was most likely, and requires no conjectural padding of the timeline. It is consistent with the practical approach of Luke to dating things that we saw in his mention of both Annas and Caiaphas as high priests. The plain sense of Scripture in Acts and Galatians is also allowed to stand as written, rather than being subjected to awkward alternative interpretations to force it to fit with an AD 33 Crucifixion.”

Given my change in perspective to a 30 AD crucifixion, below is the study as it was for a 32 AD crucifixion.

(April 6, 32 AD - August 5, 70 AD)

• From the triumphal entry on the last day of the 69 weeks of Daniel’s 70 weeks on April 6, 32 AD
  • Tiberias was appointed in 14 AD
  • The 15th year of his reign is in 29 AD, when John the Baptist began his ministry and Jesus was baptized. Luke 3:1
  • Christ’s ministry was 3 ½ years and the 4th Passover occurred on April 10, 32 AD, the 14th of Nisan, the day Christ was crucified.

• To the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple on August 5, 70 AD

Luke 19:41-44
[Triumphal entry]-> And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it, Saying, If thou hadst known, even thou, at least in this thy day, the things which belong unto thy peace! but now they are hid from thine eyes. [Israel blinded Romans 11]
Christ’s Prophecy:
For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side, And shall lay thee even with the ground, and thy children within thee; and they shall not leave in thee one stone upon another; [Why?] because thou knewest not the time of thy visitation.

This brings many things into focus. The triumphal entry marked the blinding of the Jews. It also marked the moment Christ prophesied of the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple. And most amazing of all, He said it would happen in a generation! “...shall lay thee even with the ground, and thy children within thee...” Christ lays out a timeframe in which both the current parents and their children within them would be killed. If it were 60 years later or so, the parents would be dead and it would only be the children left. Therefore the prophecy wouldn’t be accurate. It could be anytime after the children are born, but we see from history that it was much more precise a prophecy than that, it was 14,000 days from the triumphal entry when Christ made this prophecy [April 6, 32 AD] to when the Romans destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple Mount [August 5, 70 AD].

So we now have the wholly Biblical first account of a generation when Israel wandered the wilderness for 14,000 days exactly and now this second exact same period of time marking the end of the first 69 weeks of Daniel until the destruction of the Temple “because thou knewest not the time of thy visitation.”

I believe His prophecy was fulfilled more specifically than we understand from what is written. Also, that “encompassing” Christ prophesied is what Luke 21:20-22 is speaking about. More on that in the Olivet Discourse study.

From the Recapturing of Temple Mount & Jerusalem to Yom Teruah - 14,000 Days

(June 7, 1967 - October 5, 2005)

From the re-capturing of Jerusalem and the temple mount on June 7, 1967

During the Six-Day-War,  Israel fought for six days and rested on the seventh while on the third, the Jews recaptured the temple mount and then gave it over to Muslim control on June 7, 1967. I believe God gave Israel back the Temple Mount. There’s no way little Israel should have won the 6-day war and I’ve heard stories of miracles happening all over during that war. God gave Israel the land back, but Israel did not have faith. Out of fear, they gave Muslims control of the temple mount. It was their lack of reliance on God that kept that generation wandering in the wilderness for a generation.

To Yom Teruah, the Jewish new year (visible new moon from Jerusalem was on Wednesday, October 5, 2005)

New moon: “It is expected that the new moon will be sighted from Jerusalem near sunset on October 5, 2005 at which time Bethulah (Virgo) will be clothed with the sun and the moon will be beneath her feet. This event occurs about every two to three years as seen from Jerusalem, but every year as seen from some point on Earth. There is a very slight (but not likely) possibility that the new moon will be visible near sunset on October 4.”

So what does this final 14,000-day period represent? October 5, 2005 has come and gone long ago without any recognizable events taking place so it likely meant nothing or just something I'm unaware of.

In the first instance we saw the 14,000 days from when the cloud, which was leading Israel through the wilderness, leaving the tabernacle of the testimony until Israel crossed the Jordan River into the Promised Land. This period was flanked by two events and was instated because Israel murmured against God out of fear of the giants in the land. Because of their lack of faith in God’s provision, they were forced to wander the wilderness until those 20 years and older had died in the wilderness.

In the second instance we saw the 14,000 days I no longer believe to be accurate.

The last instance of the 14,000 days is also flanked by two events, but the meaning isn’t quite as clear. It starts with the re-capturing of the old city of Jerusalem and the Temple Mount for the first time since it was lost in 70 AD and ends with Yom Teruah, the Feast of Trumpets in 2005. God promised once they were in the land again that they wouldn’t be removed. I believe Zechariah 12 may refer to the time of the Six-Day-War.

Zechariah 12:1-8
The burden of the word of the LORD for Israel, saith the LORD, which stretcheth forth the heavens, and layeth the foundation of the earth, and formeth the spirit of man within him. Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem. And in that day will I make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all people: all that burden themselves with it shall be cut in pieces, though all the people of the earth be gathered together against it. In that day, saith the LORD, I will smite every horse with astonishment, and his rider with madness: and I will open mine eyes upon the house of Judah, and will smite every horse of the people with blindness. And the governors of Judah shall say in their heart, The inhabitants of Jerusalem shall be my strength in the LORD of hosts their God. In that day will I make the governors of Judah like an hearth of fire among the wood, and like a torch of fire in a sheaf; and they shall devour all the people round about, on the right hand and on the left: and Jerusalem shall be inhabited again in her own place, even in Jerusalem. The LORD also shall save the tents of Judah first, that the glory of the house of David and the glory of the inhabitants of Jerusalem do not magnify themselves against Judah. In that day shall the LORD defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem; and he that is feeble among them at that day shall be as David; and the house of David shall be as God, as the angel of the LORD before them.

God truly was with Israel during this time and the many reported miracles during this war seem to testify to this. So what does this last period mean as to its ending?

My only thought at this time is that each of these time periods was a result of Israel’s lack of faith in God. Just after capturing the Temple Mount, the authorities gave up full control to appease the Muslims and have gotten nothing but grief ever since. The Feast of Trumpets happens every year and so the significance of 2005 escapes me, but it may not be something obvious to us now. I find it difficult to dismiss this totally however and so I share it here.

Giants in the Land *
By Mark Aaron Robinson

Because the spies saw giants in the Promise Land,
the children of Israel refused to follow God’s command.
They shook in their sandals, sighing in grasshopper perspectives
for good old bricks with straw, days of little less Awe,
and perhaps murmuring a few pot versus Potter invectives.
Those 19 and older, in sandals that lasted longer than feet,
wandered round the boulder at Horeb, till the lesson was complete,
till death took them all over 40 years…so we would understand
why only Caleb and Joshua crossed over the Jordan on dry land.

So a generation of unbelievers spans 19 + 40 = 59 years of vain labor,
and Israel was reborn in 1948**, recovering Jerusalem 19 years later.
Descendants of Joshua and Caleb captured the Temple Mount
(and men of that mission still call Israel to teshuvah and remount),
but those in their ancestor’s shoes saw the Ummah as giants,
and gave it back to the Wakf, evoking in the defeated, new defiance.

June 7th, 2007** will mark 40 years of sweat and blood and tears
since that desecration, committed by a wicked generation,
who chose peace for land, though there’s still no peace at hand.
The Governors of Judah will wear the Kippah at the Wall,
and talk of takanah, but know their Torah not at all….
sending sorry soldiers to evict bolder souls
that made Aliyah, for giants whose threats end in Inshallah,
and allowing the Orthodox to handle
any Jew caught on Shabbat lighting a candle, shaking dust from a sandal,
or portending a scandal, shouting in the shoes of a Fisherman,
phrases forbidden by Pharisee, Muslim, and Roman.

The idol shepherd will come, dark vision and Peace Prize in his resume,
to the children of Isaac and Ishmael, in this time of total disarray.
One race is ruled by those who scorn God’s promises.
The other’s hand is against every man, especially doubting Thomases.
Neither loves Jerusalem, or even the mountains of Israel,
but giants demand them, and the other is ready to abandon them.
So the city shall be divided, and the mountains given away,
but woe unto these most misguided….it could happen any day.

* Recommended Reading: Strongs # 07497; Numbers 13:33 & 14:29-30, Deuteronomy 29:5, Exodus 17:6-7, Ecclesiastes 1:9, Ezekial 34:1-10, Zechariah 11:15-17, Genesis 18:10-15, Matthew 5:16-20 & 15:2-9, Genesis 16:11-12, Rev. 7, 1 Kings 3:25-27, Ezekiel 36:1-4, Zechariah 14:2 & 11:16-17, Daniel 5:28, Ezekiel 35, Zechariah 12:2-3; Isaiah 17; also in reading Numbers 14:29, it is necessary to understand that the Hebrew reckoning of human age and regnal years is based on calendar years, not birthdates or ascension dates. A child (or a king) is considered to be in its 1st year of its life (or reign) during the calendar year of its birth (coronation), so the child (or reign) is considered one year old at year end, even if it was born (or crowned) the day before the year’s end. Therefore, in Western thinking, 20 and under in Numbers 14:29 actually means, 19 and under.

** The British Mandate ended at midnight on May 14, 1948, which was actually the next day (after sundown) on the Israeli calendar. On the Biblical calendar, the creation of the state of Israel occurred on Shavuot (Pentecost) of the Jewish year 5708. Most of the world missed the significance of this day, since the mathematical calendar created by Hillel for use during the Diaspora (exile) was and is commonly observed. See http://www.michaelrood.com/ or http://www.karaite-korner.org/ for more information on the Biblical calendar. Also note that the anniversary of the retaking of Jerusalem, Jerusalem Day, is officially the 28th of Iyar.

*** Translations: Horeb –dry desert, the base of Mt. Sinai, where God brought living water from a cleft in the Rock; teshuvah – to turn, repent; Ummah –the Muslim nation, caliphate; Wakf –the Muslim organization controlling the Temple Mount; kippah –head covering required by takanot; Torah –the 5 books of Moses (Genesis through Deuteronomy); Aliyah -return from the exile; Takanah (plural of takanot) -enactments by the Rabbis (traditions of the Elders) that add to, or take away from, the Torah (see Deuteronomy 4:2) –note that takanah prohibit trimming or lighting a candle on Shabbat (the Sabbath); Inshallah -when Allah wills.